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In 31 states in the US, getting married to one’s first cousin is illegal (or only legal if one is not able to reproduce). It’s even a criminal offense in a few states.

Looking briefly at the laws, the rationale behind the bans is often genetic: having low genetic variability increases the risk of children having genetic disorders, and the risk to children of cousins is about twice as high as for unrelated parents.

Something to consider: if the rationale for banning first-cousin marriages is to reduce the risk of children being born with genetic disorders, why does such a ban not extend to parents with genetically-inherited diseases?

Of the long list of genetic disorders, many are recessive (including cystic fibrosis and sickle-cell anemia). This means that two parents with a recessive genetic disorder getting married have far increased risk of passing on their disorder than parents for whom only one partner has the gene. Does the argument against cousins getting married necessarily extend to these potential parents?

How do we feel about banning marriage between cousins, but not between parents with sickle-cell anemia? Is there a difference, and if so, what is it?

Bonus Considerate points: do the same arguments apply to siblings marrying?

44 Comments

  • Chris McAdam, July 7, 2015 @ 1:01 pm Reply

    Incest taboos came about, yes, because of higher instances of birth defects, etc, and the pre-science "explanation" of offense given to whatever local deity was worshipped. We have a better understanding of things now, and the ability to map ones genome. Laws like this only continue to make sense if you’re in favor of scanning the potential couple and barring reproductive rights (because marriage isn’t just about reproduction) to that couple if they cross a threshold of risk for "defective progeny".

    Yes, this applies to marrying ones sibling as well. And yes, nearly anyone reading that, including myself, has a negative reaction to that, because we’ve all been conditioned to not regard sibling as potential mating partners, and there’s more than some evidence that’s baked into our genes, because many other animals also have naturally occurring incest taboos, likely due to the tendency to form family units amongst them.

    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1963.65.2.02a00020/pdf

    • Something to Consider, July 7, 2015 @ 5:15 pm Reply

      Oh very cool stuff–thanks for sharing.

      Any thoughts on whether such screening and barring for people with "bad" recessive inheritable diseases would be the same or somehow different?

      • Chris McAdam, July 7, 2015 @ 6:51 pm Reply

        I think the laws won’t get changed any time soon. I think they will eventually be moot; we’ll be able to correct those kinds of genetic issues before birth. I also think there will be some culture shock there; some people will view it as violating nature, or eugenics, but that will likely pass as we become more comfortable with that kind of medical intervention. I may be wrong; if so I think the anti-incest laws will be harder to remove. Heinlein wrote (in one of his Lazerus Long stories) many decades ago that a brother and sister with completely clean genes would be better off having kids with each other than random strangers; that’s a practical statement that still shocked a lot of his readers. We’ve moved past that a little, but nowhere near enough to accept that genetic defect issues are the only compelling reason to bar that kind of coupling.

  • J.B. Parkes, July 7, 2015 @ 1:42 pm Reply

    There is a secondary cultural reason family aught not be permitted to wed. Marriage at the legal level is a contract, and when both members entering into that contract come from the same family, a single third party can exert undue influence over both members, preventing them from entering into the agreement freely, e.g. a maniacal grandfather who doesn’t want the family fortune to dilute and leave the family. It’s a bit of a silly example, but I didn’t spend the time to think of a more reasonable and likely one.

    • Something to Consider, July 7, 2015 @ 5:16 pm Reply

      I think that’s definitely one of the arguments, yeah–I wonder how much it changes if we were to ban, say, children under 18 from getting married?

  • Jules longoria, July 14, 2015 @ 2:33 am Reply

    Nice topic btw! I feel a little different than most remarks made so far. Even though it is a taboo subject, it is something that has been around, im guessing since family structures began forming. As a kid they don’t explain, or tell you or say that is wrong to like or feel attraction to a family member (non immediate family). So maybe out of personal experience Im saying this, but feelings can become strong or you can bond, or fall in love. Having kids would be something that I would not want, for the obvious reasons! And what would happen if the relationship went south? The kid’s life as well as your would be a little strange with the rest of the family. The relationship itself would hard enough manage with family members, taken some even come to accept it.

    • Something to Consider, July 14, 2015 @ 5:09 pm Reply

      Your point about history is a really good one! I should dig up when some of these "no cousins" laws came into effect.

  • Tim Martin, July 14, 2015 @ 7:09 pm Reply

    Yep, I think the current laws are inconsistent, and possibly not doing us any good (though one wonders how many first cousins are interested in marrying each other.) I think if we’re really concerned about genetic disorders, we should create laws that address that actual issue. As it is, the current laws seem to be based on a subjective "moral" opinion about family getting married, rather than about societal good.

    I don’t see any reason why siblings shouldn’t be allowed to marry if they want to.

  • Ethan S, July 16, 2015 @ 1:47 pm Reply

    Kind of like gay marriage, it seems like something we made illegal because most of us wouldn’t want to do it and didn’t see the need for it. There’s been a huge political will to legalize gay marriage and it still took decades because of how that issue has come into the limelight recently. But gays are a relatively integrated part of society, whereas, well, I don’t know, when I imagine incest I’m usually thinking about the stereotypical redneck type family arrangement. Which probably makes it harder to stomach for the people more in the center of power.

    I don’t buy the slippery slope argument for marriage, just because we legalized gay marriage doesn’t mean we’ll be legalizing polygamy tomorrow.

    • Something to Consider, July 16, 2015 @ 3:49 pm Reply

      Great thoughts. Followup question: is there an argument for banning polygamy / polyandry?

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